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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืจืช /

ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ


ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืขื•ืจืจื” ื”ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืดืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื˜ืดื‘, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื”... ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ึพืžื™ื ื™ืช โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ? ืจื•ื ืŸ ืกื•ื ื™ืก ื•ื“ื•ืจื™ ืžื ื•ืจ, ื ืคืœืืชื”



ืงึทืœ, ืžื•ึผื˜ึธื‘, ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ

ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ

ืงึทืœ, ืžื•ึผื˜ึธื‘, ืœึฐืชึธืึตืจ ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืœึฐืชึธืึตืจ ืึดืฉืึผึธื”

ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจื•ึน ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึธื”ึผ

ืงึทืœ, ืžื•ึผื˜ึธื‘, ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ-ืžึธื”

ื™ึตืฉื ื›ึผึธื–ึถื” ืฉืึดื™ืจ?

ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ืฉืึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”?

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื

ื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนืชึดื™ืจ ืกึดื™ืžึธื ึดื™ื ืฆึฐื”ึปื‘ึผึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึถืฆึฐื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืช?

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ?

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึดืกึผื•ึผื™ ืžึดื˜ึผึธื”?

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ื”ื•ึผื ืฉื‚ึทืจ ืœึฐืœึนื ืชึผึดื™ืง?

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ื”ึธืจึถื’ึถืฉื ื”ึถืขึธืžึนืง ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื ึถื—ึฐืฉื‚ึธืฃ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืงึธื”โ€“โ€“

ืœึนื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืงึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึดืคึผื•ึผืง?

ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืฉืึดื™ืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึธ ืึต ืœึผึถ ื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื™ึตืฉื?

ืžึดืœึผึฐืชึธื ืึทื’ึผึทื‘ ืื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื:

ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืฉืื•ึผื

ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื”ึดืชึฐื ึทืงึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึตื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ึผื•ึผื‘

ื˜ึดืคึผึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช ื ื•ึนืชึฐืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉื

ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึฐืงึธื” ืœึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™ ืึทื“ึผึทืจึฐืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึทืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึถื”

ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผื•ึนืžึถื” ืœึดืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึธืกึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึดื“ึฐืžึดื™ึผึดื™ื

ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐื ึธืข ืžึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผืขึธื”

ืึดืคึผึฐื›ึธื ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื ื”ึทืชึผึฐื ื•ึผืขึธื” ื ึดืžึฐื ึทืขึทืช

ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืžึดื™ ืžึฐื˜ึทืคึผึตื—ึท ืึถืช ื”ึทืฆึผึฐืžึธื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™

ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืคึฐืจื•ึนื™ึฐื“? ื”ื•ึผื ืชึผื•ึนื”ึถื”

ื›ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืจึฐืึถื” ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื˜ึทืคึผึตื—ึท ืึถืช ื™ึทืขึฒืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทื’ึผึถืฉืึถื

ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืึทืฃ ืึถื—ึธื“

ื”ึทืคึผึถื˜ึฐืจึดื™ื›ื•ึนืจ (ื›ึผึตืŸ, ื”ึทืคึผึถื˜ึฐืจึดื™ื›ื•ึนืจ)

ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžึปื›ึผึธืจ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ืžึตืขึดื™ืฃ ืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜ึดื™ื

ืžึฐื™ึปืชึผึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึดืคึผื•ึนืช ืžึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืฉืึถื

ื”ึทื ึผึถืึฑืกึธืคื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช

ืœึดื›ึฐื“ึตื™ ื™ึธื ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐืœึนืœ

ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื ื›ึผึธื–ึถื”? ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึนื ื™ึถืฉืึฐื ึทืจึฐืงึตืœ ื‘ึผื•ึน

ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึผื’ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึฐืขึดื™ืจึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึดืคึฐืจึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึทื’ึผึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน

ืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ืฆื•ึนื”ึฒืœึดื™ื ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื˜ึฐืงื•ึนืช

ืึตื™ืŸ ืžื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ื“ึธื” ืฉืึทืžึฐื ื•ึผื ึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืฉืึทืžึฐื ื•ึผื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนื“ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ

ื”ึทืฉืึผึถืงึถื˜ ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขึตืจึถืšึฐ

ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘

ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืจื•ึนืขึตืฉื ืžึดื“ึผึทื™

ืขึทืœ ืฉื‚ึฐืคึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึน ืฉืื•ึผื‘

ืœึนื ืึดืชึผื•ึน ืคึผึนื” ืœึทืฉืึผึฐืœื•ึผืœึดื™ืช ืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผึฐื ึทืื™

ืคึผึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ืžื•ึผืขึธื“ื•ึนืช ืœึฐื’ื•ึผืคึตื™ ืžึทื™ึดื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื

ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผึทืœึฐืœึธืŸ ื”ึทืœึผึตื™ืœึดื™ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืจึทืง ื—ึฒืฆึธืึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ืโ€“โ€“

ื”ึตื ื”ึดืชึฐื’ึผึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ, ืึทืชึผึฐ ืžึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึธื”?

ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึดื™ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึธื–ึถื” ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•

ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœึธื” ื•ึฐืึธื– ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœึธื”

ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผื•ึนืึตื‘ ื”ึทื’ึผึทื‘

ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึฒืฆึธืึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื›ึผึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืฉืึธื•ึดื™ื

ืœึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืฉืึธืœึตื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืชึผึธืŸ

ืœึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื”ึทืชึผึทืŸ

ืžึธืชึทื™ ื”ึทืฉืึผึตื ึดื™ ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ื•ึผืžึธืชึทื™ ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“ ื ึดื’ึฐืžึธืจ

ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉื ืžึฐืคึนืึธืจ ื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืžึดืœึผึฐื‘ึทื“ ื”ึทืคึผึทืขึทืจ

ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนืชึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทืคึผึธื” ื˜ึถืจึถื ื”ึทืฉื‚ึผึดืจึฐื˜ื•ึผื˜

ืฉืึดืขื•ึผืจ ื–ึธื”ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึทืช ื”ึทื’ึผึถื–ึถืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึทื‘ึผื•ึผื˜

ื”ึทืฉืึผึตื ึดื™ ืœึฐืขึปืžึผึทืช ื–ึนืืช ื ื•ึนืชึทืจ ืกึธืชื•ึผื

ืชึผื•ึนื“ึธื” ืœึธืึตืœ ืฉืึถื”ึทืžึผึทืคึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืฉื‚ึปืจึฐื˜ึฐื˜ื•ึผ

ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืคึฐืจื•ึนื™ึฐื“ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“

ืึดื ื”ื•ึผื ืชึผึทืŸ ืžื•ึผืขึธื“ ืœึฐืคึปืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ึทืข ืœึฐืžึธืชึธืดื ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืกึธืคึตืง

ื‘ึผึทืคึผึทืขึทื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื



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ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืžืชืจื’ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงื™ืค ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.

ย 

ืคื“ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื”


ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืจืช _ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
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